Hospital wastewater features complex constituent characteristics, which requires standardized and standardized management in disinfection and daily monitoring work. To formulate scientific and targeted treatment schemes, it is essential to fully clarify the internal components and pollution characteristics of medical wastewater in advance. Jointly researched and compiled with Moody, this paper conducts a systematic analysis of the composition characteristics of medical wastewater, and focuses on the practical application value of Medical Wastewater Online Monitoring in hospital wastewater governance.
Medical wastewater is the general term for effluent discharged from various functional departments of hospitals to urban municipal sewer systems or natural water environments. The water quality and water yield of medical wastewater differ greatly depending on hospital service types, business scales and department settings. In conventional medical institutions, the daily wastewater discharge per hospital bed is stably maintained between 200 and 1000 liters. The main pollutants contained in medical wastewater cover organic pollutants, suspended solids, trace radioactive substances and various pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses, parasitic eggs and pathogenic bacteria. Relevant detection data show that the bacterial content in untreated medical wastewater is relatively high, which brings potential risks to environmental water safety.
There are multiple wastewater discharge sources inside hospitals, mainly including patient wards, hospital laundries, animal experiment rooms, operating rooms, clinical laboratories and diagnosis and treatment rooms. In addition, the domestic sewage produced by hospital administrative offices and staff living quarters also contains a variety of harmful substances, such as trace heavy metals, residual disinfectants, organic solvents, acidic and alkaline substances and pathogenic bacteria. All types of medical and domestic wastewater generated in hospitals must undergo standardized purification and disinfection treatment before reaching the discharge standard, and medical wastewater online monitoring can realize real-time supervision of the treatment effect of the whole water body.
In accordance with the relevant management specifications issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, hospitals are classified by functional attributes to implement differentiated wastewater treatment and management modes. Hospitals are mainly divided into general hospitals and infectious disease hospitals, and this classification standard has partial differences from the hierarchical classification system of domestic medical and health institutions. The scope of infectious disease hospitals includes professional infectious disease specialized hospitals and general hospitals with independent infectious disease diagnosis and treatment departments; general hospitals refer to conventional medical institutions without specialized infectious disease departments. It is clearly stipulated that all medical institutions, including traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, integrated Chinese and Western medicine hospitals, ethnic minority hospitals, general hospitals and various specialized hospitals, need to implement standardized wastewater treatment processes and support matched medical wastewater online monitoring equipment to ensure stable discharge compliance.
Disinfection and sterilization is a core link in the whole medical wastewater treatment process, and the scientific control of disinfectant dosage is the key to standardized treatment. Unreasonable dosage of disinfectant will lead to residual disinfectant in the treated water body, which may cause secondary environmental pollution and hidden dangers to public health. Chlorination disinfection is a common and mature disinfection technology widely used in major hospitals at present. To avoid the environmental hazards caused by excessive chlorination and ensure the stability of wastewater treatment quality, the RCl900 Online Total Chlorine Analyzer can be applied to the medical wastewater online monitoring system. This equipment can realize continuous real-time detection of total residual chlorine indicators in medical wastewater, provide accurate data support for the adjustment of disinfection process parameters, effectively guarantee that all discharge indicators meet national environmental safety standards, and improve the refined management level of hospital wastewater treatment.
