The composition of wastewater is highly complex, encompassing a diverse array of substances such as bacteria, viruses, and heavy metals. All these components must undergo detection via Water Quality Monitoring Instruments, and discharge is only permitted upon confirmation that they meet specified standards. This article provides a concise examination of the monitoring of plant nutrients in wastewater.

Plant nutrients primarily consist of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements, which serve as essential substrates for plant growth and development. While moderate concentrations of these nutrients can promote biological growth, excessive levels trigger algal blooms, leading to water eutrophication. This process not only degrades water quality but also poses risks to aquatic organisms (e.g., fish) and human health.

In shallow lakes, severe eutrophication can drive marshification, ultimately resulting in the formation of “dead lakes” . Additionally, plant nutrients are critical components supporting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in activated sludge, directly determining the stable operation of biological treatment processes. Consequently, plant nutrient indicators are routine monitoring parameters in wastewater treatment operations. Key parameters include nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate, and phosphate, among others. Among these, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate are most frequently monitored, utilizing Ammonia Nitrogen Online Monitors and Phosphate Online Analyzers, respectively. The primary objectives of such monitoring are to maintain the normal operation of biological treatment systems and ensure that effluent quality meets relevant regulatory standards.