Water pollution stems from multiple sources, and septic tank systems represent one of them. This paper provides a brief overview of hospital septic tank systems.

Septic tank systems are designed to treat wastewater generated from buildings including residences, hospitals, shopping malls, and offices. While such systems are intended to facilitate the slow, harmless discharge of human waste, improper design or maintenance may lead to adverse outcomes. System rupture and leakage, for instance, can introduce viruses, chemicals, and bacteria into water sources, resulting in fecal contamination. This not only causes local environmental degradation but also poses health risks to both wild plants and humans.

Septic tanks are devices for the filtration and sedimentation of feces. In addition to sludge treatment components, they incorporate wastewater pretreatment facilities, which serve to safeguard environmental hygiene and prevent the expansion of pollution.

Detection of Fecal Contamination in Water

Fecal contamination of water can be identified through the monitoring of specific indicators. Feces contain a high concentration of pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs derived from animal intestines, such as *Escherichia coli* and coliform bacteria. Coliform online analyzers enable real-time monitoring of coliform levels, thereby facilitating the assessment of water quality. In other words, coliform testing serves as a key method to determine whether wastewater is contaminated with feces.

For medical wastewater, in addition to coliform testing, numerous other indicators must be monitored to ensure its safe discharge.